Perbandingan Kinerja Ekstraksi Fikobiliprotein dari Spirulina platensis Melalui Pengadukan dan Freezing-Thawing

Endah Sulistiawati, Martomo Setyawan, Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Darmawan, Harkris Alfian Makasar, Tegar Wahyu Pamungkas

Abstract


Fikobiliprotein terdiri dari fikosianin, allofikosianin, dan fikoeritrin, merupakan komponen bioaktif yang terdapat pada Spirulina platensis (SP), berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker. Metode ekstraksi secara pengadukan dan freezing-thawing dipilih karena sederhana, dan paling mudah untuk diterapkan pada skala industri. Penelitian ini membandingkan kinerja secara pengadukan dan freezing thawing pada ekstraksi fikobiliprotein (PBP) dari SP dengan solven air suling. Variabel yang diteliti adalah waktu pengadukan (1-30 menit), perbandingan solven terhadap biomassa (10-200 mL/g), waktu pembekuan (1-16 hari), serta kombinasi antara waktu pengadukan dan pembekuan. SP segar dan kering diperoleh dari CV. Paring Spirulina, Maguwoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta. SP segar (5 g) ditambah air suling (10-50 mL), diaduk dengan pengaduk magnetik (300 rpm), ekstraksi, dan penyaringan vakum. Filtrat yang dihasilkan diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 562, 615, dan 652 nm. SP kering (0,5 hingga 5,0 g) ditambah air suling, lalu diaduk seperti prosedur pada SP basah.  Metode freezing-thawing dengan pengadukan dimulai dengan pembekuan SP, dilanjutkan dengan thawing, pengadukan, dan penyaringan vakum. Waktu pengadukan 1-5 menit (tanpa pembekuan) memberikan hasil PBP 10,39±0,44 mg/g SP kering. Waktu pembekuan 16 hari (dengan atau tanpa pengadukan) memberikan hasil PBP yang relatif tinggi, yaitu 68,15 ± 2,89 mg/g SP kering. Perbandingan solven terhadap biomassa (S/B) optimum pada 100 mL/g SP kering.  Aktivitas antioksidan PBP yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 adalah 47,19 ± 0,04 mg/L (dari SP segar), dan 42,63 ± 0,08 mg/L (dari SP kering) pada kondisi ekstraksi yang optimum.

 

Abstract

Phycobiliprotein consisting of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin, is a bioactive component found in Spirulina platensis (SP), which functions as an antioxidant and anticancer. Stirring and freezing-thawing were chosen as the extraction methods due to simple and easy to apply on an industrial scale. This study compared the stirring and freezing-thawing performance in extracting phycobiliprotein (PBP) from SP with distilled water as solvent. The variables studied were stirring time (1-30 minutes), solvent-to-biomass ratio (10-200 mL/g), freezing time (1-16 days), and the combination of stirring and freezing time. Fresh and dry SP obtained from CV. Paring Spirulina, Maguwoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Fresh SP (5 g) was added with distilled water (10-50 mL), stirred with a magnetic stirrer (300 rpm), extraction, and vacuum filtering. The absorbance of the filtrate was measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 562, 615, and 652 nm. Dry SP (0.5 to 5.0 g) was added with distilled water, then stirred like the procedure for wet SP. The freezing-thawing and stirring method began with SP freezing, followed by thawing, stirring, and vacuum filtering. Stirring for 1-5 minutes (without freezing) obtained PBP of 10.39 ± 0.44 mg/g dry SP. Freezing time of 16 days (with or without stirring) obtained relatively high PBP yields, namely 68.15 ± 2.89 mg/g dry SP. The optimum solvent ratio to biomass (S/B) was 100 mL/g dry SP. The antioxidant activity of PBP at the optimum condition, as indicated by the IC50 value, was 47.19 ± 0.04 mg/L (from fresh SP) and 42.63 ± 0.08 mg/L (from dry SP).


Keywords


Fikobiliprotein; fikosianin; freezing-thawing; pengadukan; Spirulina platensis

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v18i1.912

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