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Skrining dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pembentuk Histamin yang Diisolasi dari Tuna, Tongkol, dan Cakalang Segar di Wilayah Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Banten
Abstract
Tuna, tongkol, cakalang (TTC) merupakan komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomis penting yang disukai oleh banyak konsumen di Indonesia. Namun demikian, distribusi, penanganan, dan pengolahan komoditas ini masih banyak mengalami kendala, di antaranya kontaminasi bakteri pembentuk histamin (BPH) yang dapat menyebabkan akumulasi histamin dan menimbulkan kerugian kesehatan pada konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi BPH dari komoditas TTC segar yang dijual di pasar domestik, mengevaluasi profilnya, serta mengkarakterisasi kemampuan BPH tersebut dalam menghasilkan histamin. Sebanyak 93 sampel TTC diperoleh dari TPI, pasar tradisional, dan pasar modern di wilayah Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Banten. Dari 318 isolat presumtif BPH yang ditemukan, sebanyak 59 isolat (19%) terkonfirmasi positif gen hdc dan di antaranya sebanyak 43 isolat dikategorikan sebagai BPH prolifik. Hasil sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan sebanyak 30 dari 43 isolat BPH prolifik (69,8%) adalah Morganella morganii. Selain M. morganii, isolat lain yang ditemukan dari semua jenis ikan yang diamati adalah Photobacterium damselae (6,9%), keduanya merupakan BPH mesofilik. Isolat mesofilik lain yang teridentifikasi dari sampel TTC berasal dari genus Klebsiella (4,7%), Proteus (4,7%), Raoultella (4,7%), Shewanella (2,3%), dan Vibrio (6,9%). Keberadaan BPH prolifik ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi akumulasi histamin pada produk akhir TTC apabila dalam penanganan dan pengolahannya tidak menerapkan sistem rantai dingin dengan benar.
Title: Screening and Identification of Histamine Producing Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Tuna and Tuna-like from West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Banten Areas
Tuna and tuna-like fish are economically important and popular amongst Indonesian consumers. However, the distribution, handling, and processing of these commodities are still facing many problems, including contamination of histamine producing bacteria (HPB) which may lead to histamine accumulation and cause human adverse health effects. This study aimed to identify HPB from fresh tuna and tuna-like fish sold in domestic markets in Indonesia, evaluate their profile, and characterize their ability to produce histamine. A number of 93 fish samples were obtained from fish landing, traditional and modern fish markets in West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Banten. Of 318 presumptive HPB identified from the sample, 59 isolates (19%) were confirmed as hdc-gene positive with 43 isolates were categorized as prolific HPB. Bacterial identification with 16S rDNA sequencing identified 30 out of 43 (69.8%) prolific HPB as Morganella morganii. Besides M. morganii, another mesophilic HPB identified from all different type of fish was Photobacterium damselae (6.9%), while the remaining mesophilic HPB were identified from genus Klebsiella (4.7%), Proteus (4.7%), Raoultella (4.7%), Shewanella (2.3%), and Vibrio (6.9%). The presence of prolific HPB in the samples suggested that histamine accumulation in the final product is possible if cold-chain system is not properly applied during fish handling and processing.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v16i2.771
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